GLOSSARY OF
GEOTECHNICAL TERMS
ENGLISH TO CHINESE





GEO REPORT No. 148

Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists
(Hong Kong) Ltd, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers,
and Geotechnical Engineering Office




GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING OFFICE
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HONG KONG
SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
 GLOSSARY OF
GEOTECHNICAL TERMS
ENGLISH TO CHINESE





GEO REPORT No. 148

Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists
(Hong Kong) Ltd, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers,
and Geotechnical Engineering Office
 - 2 -


© The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
First published, July 2004


Prepared by:

Geotechnical Engineering Office,
Civil Engineering and Development Department,
Civil Engineering and Development Building,
101 Princess Margaret Road,
Homantin, Kowloon,
Hong Kong.
 - 3 -




PREFACE


In keeping with our policy of releasing information
which may be of general interest to the geotechnical
profession and the public, we make available selected internal
reports in a series of publications termed the GEO Report
series. The GEO Reports can be downloaded from the
website of the Civil Engineering and Development Department
(http://www.cedd.gov.hk) on the Internet. Printed copies are
also available for some GEO Reports. For printed copies, a
charge is made to cover the cost of printing.

The Geotechnical Engineering Office also produces
documents specifically for publication. These include
guidance documents and results of comprehensive reviews.
These publications and the printed GEO Reports may be
obtained from the Government's Information Services
Department. Information on how to purchase these documents
is given on the last page of this report.




R.K.S. Chan
Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office
July 2004
 - 4 -




FOREWORD


Use of Chinese in oral and written communication on geotechnical and related subjects
is getting common in Hong Kong. This Glossary contains a comprehensive collection of the
Chinese translations of about 6,500 terms frequently met by geotechnical professionals in
Hong Kong in their work. In some cases, a geotechnical term may be translated into
Chinese in more than one way due to different local usage, language style, or personal
preference. The different translations are listed in the Glossary for reference by readers.

The Glossary was jointly produced by the Association of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd., the Department of Civil and Structural
Engineering of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Geotechnical Division of the
Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil
Engineering and Development Department. A Steering Group, comprising Dr C.K. Lau,
Dr Victor K.S. Li, Dr David X.C. Li, Mr H.N. Wong and Professor J.H. Yin, oversaw the
compilation of the Glossary. Professor John Wang prepared a glossary for terms used in
Geotechnical Manual for Slopes; these terms have also been incorporated in this Glossary.
Mr Philip W.K. Chung and Mr Jerry L. P. Ho assisted in the final phase of compilation of the
Glossary. Many other geotechnical professionals in Hong Kong and elsewhere have
provided invaluable advice, suggestions and assistance.

We hope that the Glossary will facilitate the use of Chinese in the geotechnical
profession and help standardize the Chinese translation of the commonly used geotechnical
terms in Hong Kong. Comments and suggestions for improvement to this Glossary are most
welcome. These should be addressed to Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Planning Division of
Geotechnical Engineering Office, 11/F, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101
Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon. A proforma to facilitate provision of
feedback is given at the end of this report.




Y.C. Chan
Deputy Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office
(Planning and Standards)
 - 5 -


EXPLANATORY NOTES


1. The Glossary provides the Chinese equivalent of about 6,500 geotechnical terms in
English which are listed bilingually in alphabetical order.

2. For an English term which can be translated into two or more Chinese terms with
similar meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by a coma, e.g.
bulking

3. For an English term which can be translated into two or more Chinese terms of
different meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by semicolons, e.g.
fill

4. For an English term which can be translated into a Chinese term with different Chinese
characters, the alternative Chinese characters are placed in square brackets, e.g.
oscillograph []

5. For a term where there are optional words that elaborate on the term, the optional
words are placed in brackets, e.g.
meteoric water ()

6. Words that define the context in which a term is used are placed in parentheses before
the Chinese translation, e.g.
pinhole test ()
 - 6 -





1.


2.

bulking

3.

fill

4.
oscillograph []

5.

meteoric water ()

6.

pinhole test ()
 - 7 -


A activity index, A
additional stress
abrasion action additive constant
abrasives adhesion
absolute age adhesive
absorbed layer adjusted value
absorbed water () adjustment ()
absorption limit adjustment item
absorption loss administrative procedure
abutment Admiralty Chart
abutment wall admissible load
abysmal deposit admixture
Accelerated Landslip Preventive Measures Project advance works
adverse geological condition []
acceptable wave condition Advisory Council on the Environment
acceptance of tender
accident investigation Advisory Letter (on slope maintenance) ()
accident loading condition
accident report [] aeolian soil
accident statistics []() aeration zone
accredited private laboratory aeration zone water
accumulated deformation aerated water
accuracy aerial camera/air camera
acidic corrosion [] aerial mapping
acidic igneous rock aerial photogrammetry
acidity and alkalinity test
acidity test aerial photograph interpretation, API
acid-pickling []
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, ADCP aerial photograph (vertical or oblique) ()
[]
acoustic emission monitoring aerial photographic survey
acoustic exploration aerial survey/air survey
acoustic frequency geo-electric field method aerobe
age-dating (of rock) ()
acoustic piezometer ageing
acoustic prospecting agglomerate
acquisition () aggregate () ()
acrylamide grouting aggregate abrasion value
active clay aggregate impact value
active earth pressure, pa agitator
active fault A-horizon A
active intensity forecasting AIEG (Association of International Engineering
active isolation [] Geology)
active mitigation strategies air compressor
active period air content, ac
active pile air jet
active stabilizer air permeability []
active state air permeability test []
active state of plastic equilibrium air space ratio, Ga
air test
active water () air void ratio, Gv
active zone air voids (of a soil) ()()
activity air-curtain method
 - 8 -


air-dried soil amplitude of vibration
air-lift equipment amplitude ratio
air-lock anaerobe
Airport Core Programme, ACP anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria
air-water
alert criteria anchor (in slope works) ()
alert level
alignment (pipe alignment) () anchor block
alignment survey anchor bolt
A-line () A anchor cable
all round pressure [] anchor pile
allocation condition anchor plate
anchor rod
allocation plan anchor wall []
allowable amplitude anchorage []
allowable bearing capacity anchorage area
allowable bearing pressure anchorage force
allowable bearing value anchorage shear test
allowable deformation anchored bulkhead [][]
allowable error anchored sheet piling []
allowable load anchoring
allowable movement ancillary works
allowable pile bearing load andesite
allowable settlement andesite tuff
allowable soil pressure anemometer
allowable vibration acceleration ANFO blasting agent
allowance for corrosion loss angle of contact ()
alluvial (clay, silt, sand) () angle of dilatancy
alluvial plain angle of external friction
alluvial soil angle of inclination
alluvial terrace angle of internal friction,
alluvium angle of obliquity
all-weather angle of reach
alternating load angle of repose
alternating strain angle of rupture
alternating stress angle of shearing resistance
alternation angle of shearing strength
alternative design angle of skin friction
altimeter angle of slope
altitude angle of true internal friction
aluminum octahedron angle of wall friction,
ambient pressure [] angular
ambient temperature [] angularity chart
amendment angularity factor
Amenity () [] anidrite
amenity area anion adsorption
American Association of State Highway and anion exchange
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard anisotropic consolidation

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) anisotropic hardening
Standards anisotropic medium
amplification factor anisotropic soil
amplitude magnification factor
 - 9 -


anisotropy aseismic region
anthropogenic asphalt
anticline asphalt mix design
anti-flocculation asphalt paver
anti-slide pile aspirator
anvil assembly
A-parameter A Assessment Panel
aperture size Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong,
aplite ACEHK
apparent angle of internal friction Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
apparent cohesion Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd.
apparent preconsolidation pressure
Association of Government Land and Engineering
apparent shearing strength Surveying Officers, AGLESO
apparent velocity
approach channel Association of Government Local Land Surveyors,
AGLLS
approach road
Association of Government Technical and Survey
approach velocity
Officers, AGTSO
approved concrete mix
associative flow rule
approved contractor
astronomical tide
approved plan
atmospheric water

attenuation
approved project estimate
Atterberg Limits
approved suppliers of materials
attitude ()
apron
auger
aquiclude
auger bit
aquifer
auger boring
aquitard
auger drill
arch action (in soil) ()
auger pile
Archaeozoic
Authorized Person, AP
Archean () ()
authority
arching
authority concerned
Area Committee
authority for approval
area load
authorization
area ratio ()
Authorized Land Surveyor
argillaceous rock ()
authorized marine borrow area
arid region

arithmetical check
autograph
armour ()
autographic record
armour layer
automatic raingauge
armour rock
automatic ram pile driver
artesian aquifer
auto-telemetering
artesian basin
availability of land
artesian ground water
avalanche
artesian water
average maximum wave height
artesian well
average stress
articles of agreement
axial

axial bearing capacity []
artificial ground
axial compression
as-constructed drawing
axial extension test
as-constructed plan
axial load
aseismatic design
axial pressure
 - 10 -


axial strain
axial stress
axial symmetry
azimuth
 - 11 -


B batching plant
batholith
back analysis bathyal deposit
back drain bathymetric survey
back osmotic pressure bathymetry
back pressure () batter leader pile driver
back-calculation batter pile
backfill batter
backfilling Baumehydrometer
background noise level beach sand
backing concrete beacon
back-up area beam under foundation
backward erosion bearing ()
backwater effect bearing capacity
bad land bearing capacity factor ()
bagged concrete
bailer bearing course
balance cone () bearing graph ()
balance in water quantity bearing layer
ballast bearing pile
balloon densimeter bearing plate
balloon volumeter bearing stratum
band drain bearing test
banded clay bedded rock slope
band-shaped prefabricated drain bedding
bank (of channel) () bedding error ()
banquette bedding layer
barge bedding plane
barging point bedrock
barium sulphate test belled pile
barrel () belling bucket
barrette benched foundation
barrier effect () benchmark
Barron's consolidation theory bending moment
basal conglomerate bending schedule
basalt bending strength
basalt dyke benefit analysis
base course () benthic seabed grab survey
base exchange capacity benthic
base exchange bentonite
base heave failure bentonite liner
base level bentonite slurry
base shearing resistance berm (on a slope) ()
base tilt factor () berm ()
baseline bermstone
basement wall berth configuration coefficient
basic igneous rock berth
basic intensity berthing
basin berthing and landing facilities
basin-range landform berthing condition
batching and mixing plant(concrete) () berthing energy ()
berthing load
 - 12 -


berthing reaction bog
best-estimate parameter bog peat
B-horizon B () B boiling
bias bollard
bias of risk bolt
biaxial state of stress bolting
bilinear model bond
bills of quantities bonding
binder course () bondsman
Bingham model bonus payment
biological weathering book clay
Biot's consolidation theory bookhouse fabric
biota tissue border pile
biotite bored pile
bird's-eye view borehole
Bishop's simplified method of slice borehole camera
borehole direct shear device
bitumen borehole extensometer
bitumen grouting borehole log
blanket borehole periscope
blanket grouting borehole spacing
blast borehole specimen
blast cleaning borehole surveying
blasting (e.g. rock blasting) () borescope ()
blasting by abrasive (e.g. sand blasting) boring (for ground investigation) ()
() boring bit
blasting certificate boring by percussion
blasting compaction method boring casing
blasting site boring frame
blasting works boring log
bleeder well boring machine
blind catch basin boring rig
blind drain boring rod
blinding () borrow area
blinding layer borrow pit
block diagram Boston blue clay
block sample bottom dump
blockage bottom heave
blockage of drain bottom pressure
blocking leaking bottom-dump barge
blockwork seawall boulder
blockwork wall boulder clay
blow count boulder fall
blow-in
blown sand boulder fence
blown tip pile Boulder Field Inventory
blows (in SPT) () bouldery colluvium
blow-up () bound water
bluff boundary condition
boat hoist boundary element
body force boundary element method
body wave boundary mark
 - 13 -


boundary wall bulk density
Bourdon gauge bulk explosives
Boussinesq solution bulk modulus
Boussinesq theory bulk sample
box caisson bulk shrinkage
box culvert bulk unit weight
box foundation bulk weight
box pile bulk volume
B-parameter B bulkhead
braced excavation bulking factor
braced sheeting bulking
bracing bulldozer
bracing arrangement () bund
Brazilian test buoy
break damage buoyancy
break line buoyant density, '
breakdown pressure buoyant foundation
breaking strain buoyant pile
breaking stress buoyant unit weight, '
breaking wave burette
breakwater Burgers model
breast wall buried karst
breccia buried pile cap
bridge abutment buried structure
briefing session buried water-carrying services
briefly frozen soil bursting
British Standards, BS bus bay
British Standards Institution, BSI bus lay-by
brittle failure butt
brittle fracture buttress
brittleness index buttressed retaining wall
brooming ()() buttressed wall
Brownian movement by-pass seepage
bucket
bucket auger
bucket dredger
bucket ladder dredger
buckling
Building (Administration) Regulations ()

Building (Construction) Regulations ()

Building Authority
building code
Building Management Committee, BMC

Buildings Ordinance
built-in component
bulb pile
bulging (of ground) ()
bulk check
bulk compressibility
 - 14 -


C capping piece
capture fisheries
cable percussion boring carbonaceous mudstone
cable tool drill Carboniferous ()
cadastral plan cardboard drain
cadastral survey cardhouse fabric
cage of reinforcement cargo working/handling area
caisson Carlson stress meter
caisson foundation cartographic
caisson wall Casagrande's soil classification
calcareous concretion
calcareous tufa case history
calcite case study
calculated self-weight collapse cased borehole
calculation model cased pile
calculous soil casing
calendar day cast iron
calibrate/calibration [] cast-in fixing bolt
calibration test [] casting
California Bearing Ratio, CBR casting yard/basin
calling for tender cast-in-place pile
calorimetric method cast-in-situ
Cambrian () () cast-in-situ pile
Cambridge Model () cataclasis
camkometer cataclasite
cantilever footing cataclastic
cantilever pile Catalogue of Slopes
cantilever retaining wall catastrophic prediction
cantilever sheet piling catch-drain
cantilevered footpath catchment
cap catchment area [][]
cap model
high capacity road catchpit
capblock
capillarimeter catchwater
capillarity categories of cost
capillary action cathodic protection
capillary fringe cathodic protection system
capillary head cation exchange
capillary height, hc cation exchange capacity
capillary migration causative fault
capillary pressure cavern
capillary rise, hc Cavern Project Study, CAPRO
capillary tension cavernous marble
capillary water () cavernous rock
capital cost caving
capital works contract cavity ()
Capital Works Reserve Fund, CWRF cavity expansion theory
cell pressure () () (
capital works )
capped yield model cellular bulkhead
capping () cellular cofferdam
 - 15 -


cellular retaining wall C-horizon C
cellular steel sheet pile chunam ()
cellular texture chunam cover ()
cement chunk sample
cement grouting churn drill
cement injection [] churn drilling
cement mortar cinder
cementation circle of stress
cemented soil circular arc analysis
cementing agent circular foundation
cement-stabilized soil circular frequency
cement-treated-soil grout () circular road
Central Tender Board circular slip surface ()
centrifugal model test circulation
centrifuge moisture equivalent, CME classical earth pressure theory
centrifuge test classification and index tests
ceramic filter classification test ()
certificate of completion clastic flow
certified true copy clastic structure
clay binder
chain bucket dredger clay blanket () ()
chain sounding clay content
chainage clay fraction
chainman clay grouting
chalk clay loam
chalky clay clay mineral
chamber clay onion-skin bond
channel clay partings
channel of flow clay platelet
channelization ratio clay puddle
channelized debris flow clay shale
clay stratum
characteristic clay-cement grouting
characteristic compressive strength clayey sand
characteristic load clayey silt
characteristic strength claystone
Chart Datum, CD clean-out auger
chartered engineer clearance
charting clearance application
chaser clearance programme
checking of design record cleavage () ()
checking certificate cliff
checklist climatic effect
chemical churning pile climatic environment
chemical grouting clinometer
chemical injection process clogging
chemical stabilization closed conduit
chemical weathering closed system
chequer plate closing error
chimney drain () closure of road
chloride content cloup
chopping bit cluster structure
 - 16 -


coagulant coefficient of seismic effect
coagulation coefficient of self-weight collapsibility
coagulator
coal gangue coefficient of shrinkage
coal tar epoxy coefficient of softening
coarse aggregate coefficient of sorting
coarse ash tuff coefficient of stiffness
coarse fraction content coefficient of subgrade reaction, ks
coarse grained soil coefficient of swelling
coarse particle coefficient of thaw
coarse sand coefficient of thaw compression
coastal habitat coefficient of thaw-subsidence
coastline coefficient of thermal conductivity
coated pile coefficient of thermometric conductivity
coaxiality coefficient of thermometric transmission
cobble coefficient of uniformity
code coefficient of vertical consolidation, cv
code of practice
coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka coefficient of viscosity,
coefficient of volume change
coefficient of adhesion coefficient of volume compressibility
coefficient of attenuation cofferdam
coefficient of collapsibility cofferdam-bracing
coefficient of compressibility, av cohesiometer
coefficient of consolidation, cv cohesion, c
coefficient of consolidation for radial flow cohesionless soil
cohesive soil
coefficient of correlation collapse
coefficient of curvature collapse post
coefficient of deformation collapse settlement
coefficient of dynamic viscosity collapsibility
coefficient of earth pressure at rest, Ko collapsibility grading index
collapsible loess
coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression collapsible soil
collar (of a drill hole) ()
coefficient of elastic shear collection station
coefficient of elastic uniform compression collector well
colloid fraction
coefficient of foundation ditch's rebound colloidal particle
colluvial fan
coefficient of friction, µ colluvial lobe
coefficient of horizontal consolidation, ch colluvium
colonnade foundation
coefficient of internal friction colonnade foundation process
coefficient of kinematic viscosity colour code []
coefficient of passive earth pressure, Kp column
column pile
coefficient of permeability, k columnar joint
coefficient of resilience columnar structure
coefficient of restitution combined footing
coefficient of rigidity combustible/flammable liquid
coefficient of secondary consolidation commercial explosives
 - 17 -


commissioned compressible soil
Commissioner of Mines compression
commitment compression and recovery test
communal drain compression curve
communal service compression index, Cc
compacted depth compression test
compacted fill compression wave, P-wave P
compacted lift compression zone
compacted refuse compressive deformation
compacted soil compressive strain, c
compactibility compressive strength
compacting factor compressive stress, c
compacting fraction value compresso-crushed zone
computation simulation
compaction concentrated load
compaction by rolling concentration
compaction by vibrating roller concentration factor ()
compaction characteristic conceptual design
compaction curve concrete
compaction device concrete batching plant
compaction mould concrete blockwork wall
compaction pile concrete buttress
compaction test concrete corer
compactive effort concrete cutter
compactness concrete design
compactor concrete gravity platform
compactor pass () concrete groover
compass concrete mix
compatibility equation concrete mixer
compensated foundation concrete paving
completely decomposed rock concrete paving train
completion certificate concrete pile
complex landslide concrete pump
compliance criteria concrete tubular pile
compliance monitoring condensation water
compliance test condensed water
composite columnar section conditions of contract
composite pile conditions of tender
composite sliding surface conduit
composite slope conduit jacking
Comprehensive Development Area, CDA () cone bearing test
cone foundation
Comprehensive Feasibility Study cone of depression ()
comprehensive geophysical method cone of groundwater influence
comprehensive prediction cone penetration test, CPT
compressed-air caisson
compressed-air hammer cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement
compressed-air method ()
compressed-air tamper cone penetrometer ()
compressibility (of soil or rock) ()
cone resistance, qc
compressibility ratio confined aquifer
 - 18 -


confined compression test constant-force-amplitude excitation
confined scar constitutive equation
confined water constitutive law
confining pressure, 3 () constitutive relation
conformable bedding constrained diameter
conglomerate constrained modulus
connate water construction and demolition[C&D]material
connection
consequence of failure construction and demolition[C&D]material sorting
facility
consequence construction and demolition[C&D]waste
consequence to life category () construction cost index
Conservation Area, CA construction fabrics
Considerate Contractor Site Award Scheme construction fibers
construction joint
consistency construction load
consistency index, CI Construction Noise Permit
consistency limits construction sequence
consistency test Construction Site Safety Handbook
consolidated anisotropically undrained test, CAU-test
construction standard
consolidated isotropically undrained test, CIU-test consultancy agreement
consultancy brief
consolidated undrained triaxial compression test, consultant
CU-test consultant management
consolidated-drained direct shear test, CD-test consultants' fees
Consultant's Remuneration Index, CRI
consolidated-drained triaxial compression test,
CD-test consulting engineer
consolidation contact erosion
consolidation apparatus contact pressure
consolidation by electro-osmosis contact scouring
consolidation curve contaminated
consolidation deformation contaminated dredged material
consolidation grouting contaminated mud
consolidation settlement contaminated mud pit
consolidation test continental shelf
consolidation test under constant loading rate contingency action
contingency sum
consolidation test under constant rate of strain continual loading test, CL-test
continuing professional development
consolidometer continuous footing
constant gradient test continuous medium
constant head permeability test continuous sampling
contour
constant head permeameter contour interval
constant head test contract
constant pressure device contract administration
constant rate of penetration test, CRP-test () contract adviser
contract document
constant rate of uplift test, CRU-test () contract management
contract number
constant volume test contract payment
 - 19 -


contract period coupled vibration
contract price fluctuation covalent bond
contractile skin covered conduit
contractive soil covered footbridge
contractor covering layer
contractor's superintendence crack
contractual arrangement crack deformation
contractual claim cradle
control countermeasure craftsman
control of geological hazard crane
control station[mark][point] credible debris flowpath []
control survey []
controlled blasting (of rock) () creep
() creep limit
controlled gradient () creep rate
controlled-stress test creep rupture
conversion factor creep settlement
conversion works creep strain
convex wall creep strength
conveyor belt creep test
conveyor screw creep value
coordinates creep-path length ()
coping crest
core crest level
core barrel Cretaceous () ()
core drill crevice karst ()
core drill rig crevice-water
core drilling crib cofferdam
core of the breakwater crib retaining wall
core recovery Crisis Communications Centre of GEO
core sample
core sampler criteria
core wall critical
corehole critical acceleration
corestone critical angle of refraction
corner-points method () critical circle
correlation analysis critical damping
corrigendum critical density
corrosion critical depth
corrosion protection critical duration
corrosive water [] critical edge pressure
cost estimation critical factor
cost reimbursable item critical failure surface
Coulomb's earth pressure theory critical flow velocity
Coulomb's law critical frequency
counter drain critical height of slope
counter ion critical hydraulic gradient, ic
counter-bore critical load
counterfort critical slide curve
counterfort drain critical slope
counterfort retaining wall critical stable state
counterweight fill critical state
 - 20 -


critical state energy theory cushion
critical state line custody
critical state locus cut
critical state model cut and cover method ()
critical state soil mechanics cut-and-fill
critical state strength cut-off drain
critical surface cut-off level
critical void ratio cut-off trench
crooked zone cut-off wall
crop cut slope (soil cut slope, rock cut slope) (
cross bedding )
cross border control facilities cutter suction dredger
cross mouthed drill
cross section cutting edge
cross sensitivity cutting jet
cross-flow force cutting ring
crosshole method cuttings of boring
cross-sectional area cycle of vibration
cross-sectional shape cyclic change
cross-stratification cyclic degradation
Crown Land Ordinance cyclic load test
crown (of landslide) () cyclic loading
crushed stone cyclic simple shear test
crushing and screening plants cyclic strain softening
crushing failure cyclic stress
crushing strength cyclic triaxial test
crust cyclone pump
crustal stability cylindrical rubber fender
cryogenic sampler
cryogenics
cryology
cryopedology
crystal lattice
crystal structure
crystal water
cubic dilatation
cubical triaxial test apparatus
Culmann construction ()
culvert
cumulative impact monitoring
cumulative rainfall
cumulose soil
cuplock joint scaffold
curing
curing compound
current
current measurement
current meter
curtain grout
curtain wall
curvature
curve fitting
 - 21 -


D deep compaction
deep consolidation
daily site record [] deep densification
dam deep displacement
damage index deep excavation
damp deep foundation
damp proof course deep foundation pit
damping deep fracture zone
damping factor deep mixing method
damping ratio deep pumped well
dampproofing deep rotational failure
Dangerous Goods Licence deep seated landslide
Dangerous Goods Ordinance deep settlement gauge
dangerous goods deep sounding test
Dangerous Hillside Order deep well method
dangerous rockmass deeply weathered
dangerous slope deep-seated slide
dangerous terrain deep-sea sediment
Darcy's law deep-well pump
dashpot deflected pile
data acquisition deflection
data processing system deflection curve
data reduction deflection inclinometer []
datum station deflectometer
daywork rate deformation
dead load deflocculating agent
dead load test (on soil) () deflocculation
deformeter
deadman deformation body
deaired water deformation calculation
debris () deformation parameters test
debris avalanche deformation petrofabric
debris flood deformation resolution ()
debris flow defrosting
debris flow deposit degradation
debris flow fan degradation index
debris run-out degradation parameter
debris slide degree of compaction
debris torrent degree of consolidation, U
decay time degree of freedom
decision theory degree of roundness
deck ( degree of saturation (of a soil), Sr ()
) degree of sensitivity
declared emergency degree of shrinkage
decompaction dehydration test
decomposed granite delegation
decomposed volcanics (volcanic rock) delegation of power
decomposition delta
decompression deltaic deposit
decompression curve Demec gauge
decreasing axial pressure fracture test dense sand
densification
 - 22 -


density, detonating fuse
density bottle detonating relay
density index, ID , Dr detonator
density meter detrimental settlement
density of collapse detrital sediment
detritus
density of dry soil, d
devegetation
density of saturated soil, sat
development clearance
density of soil, development programme
density of solid particles, s deviator stress
density of submerged soil, ' deviatoric state of stress
density of water, w Devonian () ()
density probe dewatering
densometer D-horizon D
dentition (on a rock slope) () diagenesis
denudation diagonal eyepiece
deposition point () dial gauge
deposit diaphragm
depression cone diaphragm pump
depth factor () diaphragm wall [][]
depth of foundation diatomaceous earth
depth of frost penetration dielectric constant
depth of penetration dielectric dispersion
depth of scour diesel pile hammer
depth ratio () differential frost heave
derived plan Differential Global Positioning System, DGPS
derrick barge
desertification differential heave
desiccation differential settlement
desiccator differential thermal analysis
design differential-acting steam hammer
design and construction difficult ground
design assumption
design calculation model diffraction
design calculation diffuse double layer
design code diffuse flow ()
design criteria diffusion layer
design event diffusion potential
design life digital echo sounder
design load digital map
design mix digital map data
design stage digital tape
design strength digital terrain model
Designated Area digitizer
desilting material dike
desk study dilatancy
deswamping dilatancy test
detailed design dilatation
detailed exploration dilatational wave, P-wave P
detailed geotechnical investigation dilate
[][] dilation
detailed survey dilation rate
 - 23 -


dilative soil distortional wave, S-wave S
dilatometer distress
diluvial fan distress light ()
diluvial soil distress signal ()
diluvium distributed load
dimension plan distribution
dimensional analysis distributor road
diorite district distributor road
dip District Lands Conference
dip angle District Lands Office, DLO
dip direction () District Open Space , DO ()
dipmeter District Survey Office, DSO
dipole disturbance
direct approach disturbed sample
direct shear apparatus () disturbed soil
direct shear test disturbed terrain
direct simple shear test, DSS-test disturbed-terrain failure
disaggregation disturbing force
disaster reduction disused tunnel
discharge ditch
discharge of drilling water diversion
discharge orifice diversion of existing utilities
discharge velocity diving bell
disclaimer () diving inspection
disconformeable plane dock
discontinuity (plane) dolerite
discontinuous structure [] dolerite dyke
discretization doline
disintegration dolly
disk pile dolomite
disklike rock core dolphin
dislocation () dolphin sanctuary
dislodge domain fabric
dispersant dome foundation
dispersed structure Doppler Effect
dispersing agent dot recording system
dispersion double amplitude
dispersion coefficient double diaphragm pressure cell
dispersive soil double layer
displaced material () double shear test
displacement (slope) () double track tunnel
displacement gradient field double tube core barrel sampler
displacement increment
displacement pile double-acting steam hammer
disposal double-specimen oedometer test
disposal dump double-wall sheet pile cofferdam
dissipation dowel bar
dissipation test () dowel pile
dissolved oxygen dowelled ()
dissolved salts down drag pressure
distilled water downdrag ()
distortion settlement downhole geophysical test []
 - 24 -


downhole method driven pile
downhole T.V. camera driving band ()
draft () driving cap
draft plan driving formula
drag force driving record
draghead () driving stress
drain driving test
drainage drop hammer
drainage area drop-impact penetrometer
drainage blanket dropping test
drainage by electro-osmosis Drucker-Prager criterion -
drainage channel dry compaction
drainage gallery dry density, d
drainage line dry film thickness
drainage material dry oven
drainage path dry rodding ()
drainage provision dry sieving
drainage reserve dry strength, sd
drainage system dry tamping ()
drainage well
dry unit weight, d
drained shear test
dry-drilled pile
drained triaxial test
duct
drawdown (of groundwater)
duct friction
drawdown curve
ductile iron
drawdown ratio
ductility
dredge level
Dumping Licence
dredge loss
dumping site
dredgeability
dumping truck
dredged material
dune
dredging ()
Dupuit's equation
dressed block
durability
drift
duration
drill bit
dust
drill cutting and dust
dustpan dredger
drill rig
Dutch cone penetrometer
drilled caisson
Dutch cone test
drilled pier dye and tracer study
drilled shaft dye test
driller dyeing
drilling dynamic analysis
drilling fluid dynamic compaction
drilling hole dynamic cone penetrometer
drilling log dynamic consolidation
drilling mud dynamic effective stress method
drilling record dynamic elastic modulus, Ed
drilling rig dynamic load
drilling rod dynamic load test of pile
drilling machine dynamic magnification factor
drillrod dynamic oedometer
drive head () dynamic penetration test
drive sampler [] dynamic pile-driving formula
driven cast-in-place pile () dynamic point resistance, qd
 - 25 -


dynamic reciprocity
dynamic resistance, rd
dynamic response
dynamic sounding
dynamic strain
dynamic stress
dynamic subgrade reaction
dynamic survey
dynamic triaxial test
dynamic viscosity
dynamite
 - 26 -


E earth-rockfill dam
earth slump
earth earthwork ()
earth anchor easement
earth auger eccentrically loaded footing
earth backing eccentricity coefficient
earth beam test eccentricity ()
earth borer echo sounder
earth cofferdam echo sounding
earth crust economic benefit
earth dam ageing economic consequence
earth drill economic risk
earth embankment economical loss
earth excavation edge-to-face flocculation
earth fill eductor well point
earth fill cofferdam effect of surcharge
earth load effective angle of internal friction, '
earth pile effective cohesion intercept, c' []
earth pressure () effective diameter, d10 ()
earth pressure at rest, K0 effective drainage porosity ()
earth pressure cell effective (grain) size, d10 ()
earth pressure coefficient effective normal stress,'
earth science effective overburden pressure, '
vo
earth stress effective porosity
earthenware pipe effective pressure
earthfill slope effective stress parameters
earthflow effective stress path, ESP
earthquake
effective stress, '
earthquake centre
effective surcharge
earthquake damage
effective unit weight
earthquake engineering
efficiency formula ()
earthquake epicenter
efficiency index of curing compound
earthquake fault

earthquake focus
ejector well point
earthquake force
elastic beam
earthquake hazard evaluation
elastic compression
earthquake hypocenter
elastic constant
earthquake intensity
elastic deformation
earthquake liquefaction
elastic distortion
earthquake magnitude
elastic equilibrium
earthquake prediction
elastic foundation
earthquake proof construction
elastic half-space theory
earthquake proof foundation
elastic heave
earthquake proof joint
elastic limit
earthquake resistant design
elastic line
earthquake resistant structure
elastic medium
earthquake response spectrum
elastic modulus
earthquake scale
elastic semi-infinite body
earthquake subsidence
elastic settlement
earthquake wave
elastic state of equilibrium
earthquake zone
elastic strain energy
earth-rock dam
elastic subgrade reaction
 - 27 -


elastic theory elevation
elastic visco-plastic model elevation of borehole
elastic wall () elevation tint
elastic wave eligible tenderer
elastic-plastic behavior ellipsoid
elastic-plastic model e-log p curve e-log p
elastic-plastic solid elongate channelized scar ()
elastic-plasticity of soil ()
elastomer elongate scar ()()
elasto-plasticity theory elongation
electric bar bender and cutter elutriation test
eluvial soil
electric detonator (instantaneous/delayed) eluviation
() eluvium
electric crane embankment
electric double layer embankment collapse
electric logging embankment dam
electric profiling embayment and channel
electrical analog method embeded construction
electrical piezometer embeded depth
electrical prospecting embedment
electrical resistivity emergency barging point
electrical sounding Emergency Control Centre of GEO
electrochemical effect
electrochemical hardening Emergency Monitoring and Support Centre, EMSC
electrochemical process
electrochemical stabilization emergency services
electrokinetic coupling emergency vehicle
electrokinetic phenomena emergency works
electrokinetic potential () empirical correlation
electrolyte empirical method
electrolytic corrosion end resistance (of pile)
electromagnetic attraction end restraint effect
electromagnetic oscillator end-bearing pile
electromagnetic prospecting endochronic theory
electromagnetic subsurface probing endorsement
electron microscope end-tipping
electronic chart end-tipping of fill
electronic distance measurement end-tipped fill slope
electronic distance meter energy ratio
electronic equipment engineer inspection (for slope maintenance) (
electronic map )
electro-osmosis engineer inspection for maintenance
electro-osmotic drainage
electro-osmotic stabilization engineered fill
electro-osmotic transmission coefficient engineering analysis
electrophoresis Engineering and Associated Consultants Selection
electrostatic force Board, EACSB
element engineering geological condition
elevated interchange engineering geological evaluation
elevated sliproad engineering geological exploration
elevated structure engineering geological investigation
()
 - 28 -


engineering geological map epoxy resin
engineering geological mapping equation ()
engineering geological problem equipotential lines
engineering geological prospecting equipressure lines
engineering geology equivalent angle of internal friction
engineering judgement equivalent consolidation pressure
Engineering News formula () equivalent damping ratio
engineering practice equivalent diameter ()()
engineering property equivalent fluid
Engineering Supervisor (for Graduate training) equivalent footing analogy
equivalent grain size
engineering survey equivalent lumped system
engineering treatment equivalent soil layer method ()
engineering works equivalent specific heat
Engineers Registration Board equivalent stress
enlarged base () equivalent time
entire optimization equivalent weight replacement method ()
entrained material
entrainment factor [] equivoluminal wave
erosion
entrapped air erosion activity
entropy erosion gully
entrusted project erosion surface
entrustment erratic soil profile
envelope of failure especially difficult areas
Environment,Transport and Works Bureau Technical establishment period
Circular estavelle ()
environmental effect estimate
environmental geology estimated cost
environmental pollution estuarine deposit
environmental protection estuary
Environmental Contractors Management Association Eurocode
European Standards, EN
environmental data excavation
environmental engineering geology Excavation Permit
excavation works
environmental factor (in slope engineering) ( excavator
) excavator(wheeled/tracked)
environmental hydrogeology excess pore water pressure, ue
environmental impact assessment, EIA
excessive deformation
environmental implication exchange capacity ()
Environmental Pollution Advisory Committee, exchange complex
EPCOM exchangeable ion
environmentally sensitive industries excitation
exciting force
eolian deposit executive summary
e-p curve e-p exhausted
epeirogenic movement exit angle
epeirogeny exit gradient
epicenter exogenic geological hazard
epoxy coated exogenous process
epoxy mortar
 - 29 -


expanding auger
expandability
expansion apparatus
expansion index ()
expansion joint
expansive soil
expenditure
exploded pile
exploitation
exploration
exploratory adit
exploratory bore-hole
exploratory phase
exploratory pit
exploratory point
exploratory shaft
exploratory trench
explosive compaction []
explosives depot
explosives stores
exposed
extension of contract period
extension of tender validity period

extension test
extensometer

extreme sea level
external distribution road
external instability
external water pressure
extract
extractor ()
extrapolation
extra-sensitive clay
extreme event
extreme loading condition
extreme rainstorm
extruder
extrusion test
extrusive rock
 - 30 -


F Fellenius method of slices
fen
fabric analysis fence diagram
fabric anisotropy fencing
fabric form fender ()
fabric peak strength fender pile
fabric () ; () fender restraint beam
facing stone fendering
facing fendering system
factor Ferett triangle ()
factor of reduction () ferrohydrite
factor of safety against overturning fetch length
factor of safety against sliding fetch limited
factor of safety (global, partial), F ( fibrous soil
) fiducial mark
Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance field bearing test
field book
fail field data []
failure field density test
failure criterion field identification
failure envelope field inspection [][]
failure load field investigation []
failure mechanism field loading test
failure plane field measurement []
failure scar field moisture equivalent
failure strain, f field recompression curve
failure stress, f field sheet
failure surface field survey
failure wedge field test
failure volume field vane test
fairway fill
fall () () fill compaction test
falling cone method () fill material
falling head permeability test fill placement technique
fill platform
falsework fill resources
fault fill slope ()
fault block fill source
fault breccia fill structure
fault creep filter
fault displacement filter blanket
fault gouge filter mat
fault line filter material
fault zone filter paper drain
feasibility filtration
feasibility design final penetration ()
feasibility study final set ()
feature code () final settlement
fee proposal final sounding survey
feeler inspection Finance Committee, FC
feldspar Financial and Accounting Regulations
feldspar porphyry dyke
 - 31 -


fine aggregate flow curve ()
fine gravel flow function
fine sand flow index
fine-grained soil flow lines
fines (silt and clay-sized particles) () flow monitoring
finger pier flow path
finite difference method flow rule
finite element method, FEM () flow slide
firm clay flowing artesian water
fissure flownet ()
fissure water flowmeter
fissured clay fluid mud
fitting fluidised bed
fixed boundary condition fluvial deposit
fixed piston sampler fluvial erosion
fixed price lump sum contract fluvial soil ()
fixed-ring consolidometer fluvial terrace
flaky constituent fluvio-marine deposit
flame cleaning flyash stabilized soil
flat dilatometer foaming
flat jack foil sampler
flexible conduit fold
flexible foundation foliation []
flexible load follower
flexible pavement follow-up action
flexible retaining structure footing
footing analogy
flexible structure footing beam
flexible wall footpath
flexural rigidity footway
flexural stress force
flexure force polygon
floating crane forced vibration
floating dock on-shore facility forecast
floating foundation () foreshore
foreshore and seabed
floating pile foundation Foreshore and Sea-bed (Reclamations) Ordinance
floating plant ()
floating refuse boom forging hammer foundation
float-ring consolidometer form of tender
floc formation (in geological sense) ()
flocculated clay buttress bond formation of land
flocculation formwork
flocculent soil fossil channel
flocculent structure fossil landslide
flood peak fossil soil
flooding foul drainage
floodplain foul sewer system
floodplain deposite () foulwater sewer
flow foulwater system
flow amount foundation () ()
flow channel
foundation dredging
 - 32 -


foundation embedment frost-susceptible soil
foundation engineering frozen heave test apparatus
foundation isolation frozen soil
foundation modulus frozen-heave force
foundation pile fry-dry method
foundation pressure full scale test
foundation slab functional analysis
foundation stability functional requirement
foundation trench fundamental frequency
foundation vibration fungal decay
foundation works fuzzy clustering
fraction fuzzy pattern distinction
fracture
Fracture Index, FI
fracture zone
fragment
frame foundation
Franki pile
free surface
free vibration
free water
free water elevation
free water surface
freeboard () ()

freeze-thaw test
freezing method
freezing process
freezing zone
French drain ()
frequency
friction angle
friction circle method
friction coefficient

pdf2txt : http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/geo_reports/doc/er148.pdf